Peran Piala Dunia Fifa 2022 dalam Reformasi Sistem Kafala di Qatar
Abstract
To successfully host the 2022 FIFA world cup, Qatar is recruiting migrant workers using the kafala system. However, this system was criticized by international organizations because it was considered contrary to human rights, and asked Qatar to reform it. This study aims to discuss the role of the 2022 FIFA World Cup as a catalyst for the reform of the Kafala System in Qatar. This study uses a qualitative methodology through literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the 2022 FIFA World Cup has succeeded in encouraging reform of the Kafala system, both in terms of regulation and implementation. Positive responses were made by various international human rights and labor organizations, although some did not respond and even responded negatively, especially organizations that support LGBT.
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References
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Babar, Z., & Eha, V. N. (2022). The 2022 World Cup and Migrants’ Rights in Qatar: Racialised Labour Hierarchies and The Influence of Racial Capitalism. The Political Quarterly, 93(3), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi /10.1111/1467-92.
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Diop, A., Johnston, T., & Le, K. T. (2015). Reform of The Kafāla System: A Survey Experiment from Qatar. Journal of Arabian Studies, 5(2), 116–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2015.1113681.
Diop, A., Le, K. T., Johnston, T., & Ewers, M. (2017). Citizens Attitudes Towards Migrant Workers in Qatar. Journal of Migration and Development, 6(1), 144–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2015.1112558.
Dizon, L. R. (2019, 30 December). Qatar's Business Sector to Benefit from Labour Law Reforms. Hämtat från ILO Official. https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/03/12/2019/Qatar’s-business-sector-to-benefit-from-lab our-law-reforms-ILO-official
Elahi, M. F. (2019, 30 December). HH The Amir Participates in Opening Session of The General Debate of The 74th UN General Assembly. Hämtat från Diplomatic Focus. https://diplomaticfocus.org/wp-content/uplo ads/2020/05/Special-Supplement-on-Qatar.pdf
Elyas, T., & Kurdi, I. (2022). Representations of Kafala Sponsorship System in Western Newspapers: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Scholarly Journal, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/representations-kafala-sponsorship-system-western/.
Fernandez, B. (2021). Racialised Institutional Humiliation Through The Kafala. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(9), 4344–4361. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1876555.
Garrett, A. (2020). The End of Kafala? Evaluating Recent Migrant Labor Reforms in Qatar. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 21 Fall 2020, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1353/gia.2020.0029.
GCO State of Qatar. (2021). Labour Reform. Hämtat från Goverment Communications Office State of Qatar: https://www.gco.gov.qa/en/focus/labour-reform/
Ghantous, G. (den 13 August 2021). Doha talks on Afghanistan end with call for accelerated peace process, halt to attacks. Hämtat från reuters: mhttps://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/doha-talks-afghanistan-end-with-call-accelerated-peace-process-halt-attacks-2021-08-12/
Gibson, O. (2014). The Guardian. Hämtat från Qatar Commits to New Wel-fare Standards for World Cup Workers. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/11/qatar-world-cup-2022-workers-welfare-standards
International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2020). World Migration Report 2020. Geneva. International Organization for Migration.
Jonathan, D. (2022, 19 December). World Cup 2022: Will Qatar's Record Spending Pay Off? Hämtat från Middle East Eye News. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/qatar-world-cup-record-spending-pay-off
Julaekhah. (2021). Konstruksi Sosial Buruh Migran Perempuan Bercadar Asal Indramayu Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ideas: Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya, 7(2) 109-124.
Kakande, Y. (2015). Slave States: The Practice of Kafala in the Gulf Arab Region. Winchester, UK: Zero Books.
Kamrava, M., & Babar, Z. (2012). Migrant Labour In The Persian Gulf. London: Hurst & Company .
Khatri, S. (2014, 25 August). Hämtat från Official: Qatar’s Kafala Amendments to Be Made by Year-End or 2015. Doha News: https://dohanews.co/official-qatars-kafala-amendments-made-year-end-2015/
Kovessy, P. (2014, 14 May). Hämtat från Qatar Officials Propose Change to Kafala system. Doha News. http://dohanews.co/qatar-officials-propose-changes-kafala-system/
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2011). Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jakarta: Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Direktorat Jendral Badan Peradilan Agama.
Malik, N. (2016, 8 June). 60% of Qatar’s Population Lives in ‘Labour Camps’. Hämtat från Gulf Business. https://gulfbusiness.com/60-qatars-population-lives-labour-camps/
Milberg, W. (2004). Labor and The Globalization of Production. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Millward, P. (2017). World Cup 2022 and Qatar’s Construction Projects: Relational Power in Networks and Relational Responsibilities to Migrant Workers. Jurnal of Current Sociology, 65(5) 756–776. https://doi 10.1177/0011392116645382 journals.sagepu.
Mulia, I., & Oborne, P. (2022, 20 December). Hämtat från Why Qatar's World Cup Has Been A Magnificent Success. Middle East Eye News https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/qatar-world-cup-magnificent-success-why
Needham, S. (2019, 16 October). Hämtat från Landmark Labour Reforms Signal End of Kafala System in Qatar. ILO News. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_724052/lang--en/index.htm
Obokata, T. (den 3 September 2020). Hämtat från UN Human Rights Experts Welcome Qatar’s Improvement of migrant rights. UN Press Release. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/09/un-human-rights-experts-welcome-qatars-improvement-migrant-rights
Parodi, M. (2020, 20 March). Hämtat från Qatari Migrant Workers in Labor Camps at Grave Risk Amid Covid-19 Crisis. Amnesty International Press Releases.https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/qatari-migrant-workers-in-labor-camps-at-grave-risk-amid-covid-19-crisis/
Qatar, G. C. (2020, 30 August). Statement From The Ministry of Administrative Development, Labour, and Social Affairs on New Minimum Wage and Labour Mobility Law. Hämtat från GCO State of Qatar. https://www.gco.gov.qa/en/top-news/adlsa-statement-minimum-wage-noc/
Ray Jureidini, S. F. (2020). Migration and Islamic Ethics. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Renkiewicz, P. (2017). Sweat Makes The Green Grass Grow: The Precarious Future of Qatar’s Migrant Workers in The Run Up to The 2022 Fifa World Cup Under The Kafala System and Recommendations for Effective Reform. American University Law Review, 65(3): 721-761.
Völkel, J. C. (2022, 23 November). Hämtat från Between Covid-19, Cop 27, and The World Cup: Crisis Management in The Arab World. BTI Transformation Index. https://blog.bti-project.org/2022/11/23/betwe en-covid-19-cop-27-and-the-world-cup-crisis-management-in-the-arab-world/
WISE. (2022). WISE Award. Hämtat från WISE Qatar Foundation. https://www.wise-qatar.org/wise-works/wise-awards/
Worden, M. (2022, 16 December). Hämtat från FIFA’s ‘Best World Cup Ever’ Came at Migrant Workers’ Loss. HRW News. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/16/fifas-best-world-cup-ever-came-migrant-workers-loss
Years of Culture. (2023, 1 April). About Years of Culture. Hämtat från Years of Culture. https://yearsofc ulture.qa/about
Published
2023-05-30
How to Cite
TAUFIQURROHMAN, Mohammad Fallas; NURWAHIDIN, Nurwahidin.
Peran Piala Dunia Fifa 2022 dalam Reformasi Sistem Kafala di Qatar.
Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 443-454, may 2023.
ISSN 2656-940X.
Available at: <https://jurnal.ideaspublishing.co.id/index.php/ideas/article/view/1290>. Date accessed: 20 sep. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v9i2.1290.
Section
Articles
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