Rekomendasi dan Implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Zimbabwe: Tinjauan atas Sistem Pendidikan dan Tantangan yang Dihadapi
Abstract
Since independence, Zimbabwe has experienced a complex crisis, making it crucial for Citizenship Education (PKn) to address these challenges, yet PKn has not been implemented. This study aims to describe the political system, PKn policies, as well as the structure and curriculum content in Zimbabwe. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature review. Primary data is obtained from books, scientific journals, and literature related to PKn in Zimbabwe, while secondary data comes from relevant documents and previous research. Research findings indicate that the government has attempted to incorporate PKn into the education system since independence by forming the Commission of Inquiry into Education and Training, which recommended PKn to become a separate subject, but has not yet been implemented. Currently, PKn is included in other subjects such as IPS, religion, environmental science, physical education, HIV/AIDS education, history, National and Strategic Studies, and Peace, Leadership, and Conflict Transformation.
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References
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Purdeková, A. (2012). Civic Education and Social Transformation in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Forging the Perfect Development Subjects. In M. Campioni & P. Noack (Eds.), Rwanda Fast Forward (pp. 192–209). Palgrave Macmillan.
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Sigauke, A. T. (2011b). Political Ideas Can Only be Discussed if They Are in The Syllabus; Otherwise a Political Discussion is Not Necessary’: Teachers’ Views on Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 6(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.6.3.269_1
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Zulfikar, M. F., & Dewi, D. A. (2021). Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan untuk Membangun Karakter Bangsa. Jurnal Pekan: Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 6(1), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.31932/jpk.v6i1.1171
Zvobgo, R. J. (1999). The Post Colonial State and Educational Reform: Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana. Zimbabwe Publishing House.
Adnin, I., Sapriya, Komalasari, K., Islam, K. R., & Mubarok, M. F. (2024). Analisis Model Group Investigation Mengembangkan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Era Globalisasi pada PKn. Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya, 10(1), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.32884/i deas.v10i1.1591
Fadilah, F. (2018). Urgensi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Konteks Isu Global (HAM) di Afrika Selatan dan Hong Kong. Journal of Moral and Civic Education, 2(1), 8-15. http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1728392&val=13639&title=Urgency%20of%20Civic%20Education%20in%20the%20Global%20Context%20Human%20Rights%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20Hong%20Kong
Hammett, D. (2011a). Resistance, Power and Geopolitics in Zimbabwe. Area, 43(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2010.00980.x
Hammett, D. (2011b). Resistance, Power and Geopolitics in Zimbabwe. Area, 43(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2010.00980.x
Kerr, D. (1999). Citizenship Education: An International Comparison. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, London, April, 1–31. https://www.seameo.org/img/programmes _Projects/Competition/SEAMEOJapanESD_Award/2013_SEAMEOJapanESD_Award/pub/citizenship_no_intro.pdf
Kisby, B., & Sloam, J. (2009). Revitalising politics: The Role of Citizenship Education. Representation, 45(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903129582
Magudu, S. (2012a). Citizenship education in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Educational & Instructional Studies in the World, 2(4), 179–187. https://www.arastirm ax .com/tr/publication/journal-educatIonal–and–InstructIonal–studIes–world/2/4/cItIzens hIp–educatIon–zImbabwe–challenges-and–prospects/arid/f152e59e-ef01-4752-afb4-4f13a184a395
Magudu, S. (2012b). Citizenship education in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Educational & Instructional Studies in the World, 2(4), 179–187. https://arastirmax.co m/en/system/files/dergiler/116392/makaleler/2/4/arastirmax-citizenship-education-zimbabwe-challenges-and-prospects.pdf
Marovah, T. (2016a). Citizenship Educaion and Human Capabilities Formation: A Case Study in Two Zimbabwean Teachers’ Collages. University of The Free State.
Marovah, T. (2016b). Citizenship Educaion and Human Capabilities Formation: A Case Study in Two Zimbabwean Teachers’ Collages. University of The Free State.
Matereke, K. P. (2011a). “Whipping into line”: The Dual Crisis of Education and Citizenship in Postcolonial Zimbabwe. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(2), 1–16. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00799.x
Matereke, K. P. (2011b). “Whipping Into Line”: The Dual Crisis of Education and Citizenship in Postcolonial Zimbabwe. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(2), 1–16. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00799.x
Maulana, D. F., Wijaya, D. A. S., Agustinova, D. A., & Suharno, S. (2024). Pendidikan Demokrasi dan Pendidikan Multikultural: Tinjauan Praktis di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 1512–1526. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i2.6458
Mavhunga, P. J., Moyo, N., & Chinyani, H. (2011). Towards a Citizenship Education for Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 24, 163-177. https://www.ajol.i nfo/index.php/zjer/cart/view/85804/75688
Mazembere, M. (2018a). Democratic Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe’s Higher Education System and its Implications for Teaching and Learning. Stellenbosch University.
Mazembere, M. (2018b). Democratic Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe’s Higher Education System and its Implications for Teaching and Learning. Stellenbosch University.
Munikwa, S., & Pedzisai, C. (2013a). Perceptions of In-Service Teachers on Learning/Teaching of Citizenship Education: A Case Study of Chinhoyi University of Technology, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(14), 121–129. http://ijhssnet.com/journals/vol_3_no_14_special_issue_july_2 013/15.pdf
Munikwa, S., & Pedzisai, C. (2013b). Perceptions of In-Service Teachers on Learning/Teaching of Citizenship Education: A Case Study of Chinhoyi University of Technology, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3, 121–129. http://ijhssnet.com/journals/vol_3_no_14_special_issue_july_2 013/15.pdf
Nanggala, A., & Suryadi, K. (2020). Analisis Konsep Kampus Merdeka dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Jurnal Global Citizen: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 9(2), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.33061/jgz.v9i2.4545
Nyakudya, M. (2007). The Rationale for National and Strategic Studies in Teacher Training Colleges: Fostering a Sense of Patriotism in Trainee Teachers. Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 19(2), 115–126. https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?rid=q00043 535
Nziramasanga, C. T. (1999a). Zimbabwe: report of the Presidential Commission of inquiry into Education and Training. Presidential Commission of Inquiry into Education and Training.
Nziramasanga, C. T. (1999b). Zimbabwe: report of the Presidential Commission of inquiry into Education and Training. Presidential Commission of Inquiry into Education and Training.
Owusu-Ansah, D., & Mungazi, D. A. (1993). Colonial Education for Africans: George Stark’s Policy in Zimbabwe. History of Education Quarterly, 33(3), 404. https://doi.org/10.2307 /368208
Purdeková, A. (2012). Civic Education and Social Transformation in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Forging the Perfect Development Subjects. In M. Campioni & P. Noack (Eds.), Rwanda Fast Forward (pp. 192–209). Palgrave Macmillan.
Ramadhan, A. R., Nuriyani, R., Arpannudin, I., Putra, M. L. D., & Adnin, I. (2024). Dinamika Kewarganegaraan Liberal: Tantangan Global dan Masa Depan Hak Asasi Manusia. Ideas, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v10i1.1589
Report, C. (1998). Education For Citizenship and The Teaching of Democracy in Schools. DfEE.
Sears, A., & Hughes, A. (2006a). Citizenship: Education or Indoctrination. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 2, 3–17.
Sears, A., & Hughes, A. (2006b). Citizenship: Education or Indoctrination. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 2, 3–17.
Shizawa, E., & Kariwo, M. T. (2011a). Education and Development in Zimbabwe (A Social, Political and Economic Analysis). In Education and Development in Zimbabwe. Sense Publishers,.
Shizawa, E., & Kariwo, M. T. (2011b). Education and Development in Zimbabwe (A Social, Political and Economic Analysis). In Education and Development in Zimbabwe. Sense Publishers,.
Sibanda, P. (2015a). Citizenship Education and its Relevance to Zimbabwe. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(10), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v4i10.1908
Sibanda, P. (2015b). Citizenship Education and its Relevance to Zimbabwe. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(10), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v4i10.1908
Sigauke, A. T. (2011a). Political Ideas Can Only be Discussed if They Are in The Syllabus; Otherwise a Political Discussion is Not Necessary’: Teachers’ Views on Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 6(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.6.3.269_1
Sigauke, A. T. (2011b). Political Ideas Can Only be Discussed if They Are in The Syllabus; Otherwise a Political Discussion is Not Necessary’: Teachers’ Views on Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 6(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.6.3.269_1
Sigauke, A. T. (2019a). Citizenship and Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis. The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67905-1_42-1
Sigauke, A. T. (2019b). Citizenship and Citizenship Education in Zimbabwe: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis. The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67905-1_42-1
Zulfikar, M. F., & Dewi, D. A. (2021). Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan untuk Membangun Karakter Bangsa. Jurnal Pekan: Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 6(1), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.31932/jpk.v6i1.1171
Zvobgo, R. J. (1999). The Post Colonial State and Educational Reform: Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana. Zimbabwe Publishing House.
Published
2024-06-13
How to Cite
MAULANA, Daffa Fakhri et al.
Rekomendasi dan Implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Zimbabwe: Tinjauan atas Sistem Pendidikan dan Tantangan yang Dihadapi.
Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 405-414, june 2024.
ISSN 2656-940X.
Available at: <https://jurnal.ideaspublishing.co.id/index.php/ideas/article/view/1726>. Date accessed: 05 may 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v10i2.1726.
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Articles
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